What are Hand Fractures?
Hand fractures are breaks or cracks in the bones of the hand, which include the metacarpals (the bones of the palm) and the phalanges (the bones of the fingers). Because the hand plays such a vital role in everyday activities, even small fractures can greatly affect grip strength, dexterity, and overall hand function. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial to ensure full recovery and prevent long-term complications.
Causes of Hand Fractures
Hand fractures typically occur from direct trauma or stress placed on the hand. Common causes include:
- Falls: Landing on an outstretched hand can easily cause fractures.
- Sports Injuries: Contact sports, such as football, basketball, or martial arts, often lead to hand trauma.
- Motor Vehicle Accidents: High-impact accidents can crush or break the bones of the hand.
- Workplace Accidents: Injuries involving machinery or tools can result in hand fractures.
- Physical Altercations: Punching a hard object or another person may cause “boxer's fractures” of the metacarpals.
What are the Symptoms of Hand Fractures?
Symptoms of a hand fracture may include:
- Pain: Especially when moving the hand, fingers, or wrist.
- Swelling: Around the injured area.
- Bruising: Discoloration around the site of the injury.
- Deformity: Visible misalignment or a bent appearance of the fingers or hand.
- Difficulty Moving Fingers: Limited range of motion or inability to move fingers normally.
- Tenderness: Pain when touching the area of the break.
How are Hand Fractures Diagnosed?
To diagnose a hand fracture, a physical examination will be performed, checking for tenderness, swelling, and deformity. Imaging tests such as X-rays are typically used to confirm the presence, location, and severity of the fracture. In more complex injuries, a CT scan or MRI may be recommended to assess damage to soft tissues, joints, or multiple bone fragments.
What are the Treatment Options for Hand Fractures?
Treatment depends on the type, location, and severity of the fracture. Options may include:
- Splinting or Casting: Immobilizing the hand to allow the bone to heal naturally.
- Closed Reduction: Manipulating the bone back into place without surgery.
- Surgical Repair: Using pins, screws, or plates to stabilize more complex or displaced fractures.
- Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation exercises to restore strength, motion, and function after immobilization or surgery.
